NANP Board Practice Exam

Which of the following best describes lipid peroxidation?

1. The addition of hydrogen to unsaturated fats

2. The destruction of polyunsaturated lipids, leading to membrane damage and increased permeability

3. The formation of phospholipids from fatty acids

4. The synthesis of fatty acids in the liver

The correct answer is: The destruction of polyunsaturated lipids, leading to membrane damage and increased permeability

Lipid peroxidation is best described as the destruction of polyunsaturated lipids, which results in damage to cellular membranes and an increase in their permeability. This process occurs when free radicals attack the double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to the formation of reactive intermediates. These intermediates can generate a cascade of further damage, affecting cellular structures and functions. This mechanism is particularly significant because the integrity of cell membranes is crucial for maintaining cellular health, signaling, and transport functions. When polyunsaturated lipids are oxidized, it compromises the barrier function of membranes, potentially leading to cell death and contributing to various diseases, including inflammatory conditions and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, the correct description encapsulates the essence of lipid peroxidation and its impactful consequences on cellular health.