NANP Board Practice Exam

The correct response highlights grapefruit as the food that slows down the P450 enzyme detoxification process, particularly due to its impact on the cytochrome P450 enzymes, specifically CYP3A4. Grapefruit contains compounds known as furanocoumarins, which inhibit these enzymes and can lead to increased levels of certain medications in the bloodstream, enhancing their effects or side effects.

Blueberries, oranges, and spinach do not have the same significant effect on the P450 enzyme system. While some fruits and vegetables can influence enzyme activity, grapefruit is particularly well-documented for this interaction, making it a unique case when compared to the others listed.

Understanding the specific impact of grapefruit on drug metabolism illustrates the importance of recognizing food-drug interactions, especially for individuals taking medications that are metabolized by the P450 enzyme system. The distinction of grapefruit in this context is essential for safe dietary choices alongside pharmacotherapy.